Recreate React's useId Hook

This challenge asks you to implement a custom React hook that mimics the functionality of React's built-in useId hook. This hook is crucial for generating unique IDs for elements within your React application, ensuring accessibility and proper DOM manipulation.

Problem Description

You need to create a TypeScript hook named useId that, when called within a React functional component, returns a unique, stable ID string. This ID should be consistent across server-side rendering (SSR) and client-side hydration, and it should be unique across all instances of the hook within your application.

Key Requirements:

• Uniqueness: Each call to useId within your application must generate a distinct ID.
• Stability: The ID generated for a specific component instance should remain the same across re-renders of that component.
• SSR/Client Consistency: The generated IDs must be the same on the server and the client to prevent hydration mismatches.
• No External Dependencies: The hook should not rely on any external libraries or React's internal useId implementation.
• TypeScript: The solution must be written in TypeScript.

Expected Behavior:

When useId is called within a component, it should return a string that can be used as an HTML id attribute. For example:

function MyComponent() {
  const id = useId(); // Your custom hook
  return <input id={id} aria-labelledby={id} />;
}

Edge Cases:

• Multiple Calls within a Component: A single component might call useId multiple times. Each call should produce a unique ID.
• Multiple Components Using the Hook: Different components throughout the application might use useId. Each instance should maintain its uniqueness.
• Component Re-renders: The ID should not change if the component re-renders without its dependencies changing.

Examples

Example 1:

// Component rendering once
function ExampleComponentA() {
  const id1 = useId();
  const id2 = useId();
  return (
    <div>
      <label htmlFor={id1}>First Input</label>
      <input id={id1} />
      <label htmlFor={id2}>Second Input</label>
      <input id={id2} />
    </div>
  );
}

Output:

The rendered HTML might look something like:

<div>
  <label for="my-app-0">First Input</label>
  <input id="my-app-0">
  <label for="my-app-1">Second Input</label>
  <input id="my-app-1">
</div>

(The prefix "my-app-" is illustrative; your prefix might differ or be absent based on your implementation.)

Explanation: useId is called twice within ExampleComponentA. The first call returns "my-app-0" and the second returns "my-app-1", ensuring both inputs have distinct IDs.

Example 2:

// Two different components using the hook
function ComponentA() {
  const idA = useId();
  return <div data-testid={idA}>Component A</div>;
}

function ComponentB() {
  const idB = useId();
  return <div data-testid={idB}>Component B</div>;
}

function App() {
  return (
    <>
      <ComponentA />
      <ComponentB />
    </>
  );
}

Output:

The rendered HTML might look something like:

<div data-testid="my-app-0">Component A</div>
<div data-testid="my-app-1">Component B</div>

Explanation: Even though useId is called in two separate components, each call generates a unique ID. ComponentA gets "my-app-0" and ComponentB gets "my-app-1".

Example 3: SSR and Hydration

Imagine your application is rendered on the server, generating HTML with IDs. Then, the client-side JavaScript hydrates this HTML.

Server-Side Output (initial render):

<div id="server-rendered-id">Hello</div>

Client-Side Hydration:

When the useId hook is called on the client for this same element (or a related element), it must generate "server-rendered-id" to match the server's output. If it generated a new ID, it would lead to a hydration mismatch.

Constraints

• React Version: Assume you are using a recent version of React (e.g., React 18+) that supports hooks and SSR hydration correctly.
• Uniqueness Mechanism: You need a robust mechanism to ensure uniqueness across the entire application.
• No Global State (in the typical sense): While you might manage state internally to the hook's implementation, avoid relying on explicit global variables that could conflict.
• Performance: The hook should have minimal performance overhead.

Notes

• Consider how you will manage the generation of unique IDs. A simple counter is a good starting point, but you'll need to ensure it's handled correctly in the context of React.
• Think about how React handles SSR and hydration. The useId hook needs to integrate with this process to guarantee consistent IDs.
• The actual ID string format returned by React's useId typically includes a prefix that can be configured at the application level. For this challenge, you can define a reasonable default prefix or assume one.
• The goal is to replicate the behavior and guarantees of useId, not necessarily its exact internal implementation details.