Web Scraping with BeautifulSoup: Extracting Book Titles
This challenge focuses on using the BeautifulSoup library in Python to parse HTML content and extract specific information. You'll be tasked with retrieving all book titles from a provided HTML snippet, a fundamental skill in web scraping for data collection.
Problem Description
Your goal is to write a Python function that takes an HTML string as input and returns a list of all book titles found within that HTML. The book titles are consistently enclosed within <h2> tags that have a specific class attribute.
What needs to be achieved:
- Parse the provided HTML string.
- Identify all
<h2>tags that contain the class attributebook-title. - Extract the text content from each of these identified tags.
- Return these extracted text contents as a Python list.
Key requirements:
- Use the
BeautifulSouplibrary for parsing HTML. - Handle cases where the HTML might be malformed (BeautifulSoup is generally robust).
- The function should be named
extract_book_titles.
Expected behavior:
- The function should return an empty list if no book titles are found.
- The order of titles in the returned list should correspond to their order in the HTML.
Edge cases to consider:
- HTML with no
<h2>tags. - HTML with
<h2>tags but none having thebook-titleclass. - HTML where
<h2>tags might have multiple classes.
Examples
Example 1:
Input:
html_content = "<html><body><h1>My Library</h1><div class='book'><h2 class='book-title'>The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy</h2><p>A classic sci-fi comedy.</p></div><div class='book'><h2 class='book-title'>Pride and Prejudice</h2><p>A novel by Jane Austen.</p></div></body></html>"
Output:
['The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy', 'Pride and Prejudice']
Explanation:
The function correctly identifies the two 'h2' tags with the class 'book-title' and extracts their text content.
Example 2:
Input:
html_content = "<html><body><p>No books here.</p><div><h2>Regular Heading</h2></div></body></html>"
Output:
[]
Explanation:
There are no 'h2' tags with the class 'book-title' in this HTML, so an empty list is returned.
Example 3:
Input:
html_content = "<html><body><h2 class='book-title prominent'>Dune</h2><h2 class='another-class book-title'>Foundation</h2></body></html>"
Output:
['Dune', 'Foundation']
Explanation:
The function correctly identifies 'h2' tags that have 'book-title' as one of their classes, even if other classes are present.
Constraints
- The input
html_contentwill always be a string. - The
html_contentcan range from empty to a reasonably complex HTML structure. - You are expected to install the
beautifulsoup4andlxmllibraries (if not already installed) using pip:pip install beautifulsoup4 lxml.
Notes
- Remember to import the
BeautifulSoupclass from thebs4module. - You will likely need to initialize a
BeautifulSoupobject with the HTML content and a parser (e.g., 'lxml'). - Explore the
find_all()method of theBeautifulSoupobject to efficiently locate the desired tags. You can pass tag names and attributes as arguments to this method. - Consider how to extract just the text content from the found tags.