Implementing a Generic Trait for Specialized Operations

This challenge focuses on Rust's powerful trait system and generics to create a reusable component that performs specialized operations based on the type it's applied to. You'll define a trait Operation and implement it for different data types (integers and strings) to demonstrate how to tailor behavior based on type specialization. This is a fundamental concept in Rust for writing flexible and efficient code.

Problem Description

You are tasked with creating a generic trait Operation that defines a single method, perform. This method should behave differently depending on the type it's called on. Specifically:

• For integers (i32): The perform method should square the integer.
• For strings (String): The perform method should return the string reversed.
• For any other type: The perform method should return a String containing the type's name.

You need to define the Operation trait and implement it for i32 and String. Your solution should include a function execute_operation that takes a value of type T (where T implements Operation) and returns the result of calling perform on that value.

Key Requirements:

• Define a trait named Operation with a method perform that takes no arguments and returns a String.
• Implement the Operation trait for i32 and String.
• Create a function execute_operation that accepts a generic type T implementing Operation and returns a String.
• Handle the "other type" case gracefully by returning the type's name as a string.

Expected Behavior:

The execute_operation function should correctly call the perform method on the input value and return the appropriate result based on the type.

Edge Cases to Consider:

• What happens if a type that doesn't implement Operation is passed to execute_operation? (This is handled by the "other type" case).
• Ensure the string reversal for strings is correct.
• Consider potential panics or errors if the type doesn't have a readily available name. (For simplicity, assume the type's name can be obtained via std::any::type_name::<T>()).

Examples

Example 1:

Input: 5 (i32)
Output: "25"
Explanation: The integer 5 is squared, resulting in 25, which is then converted to a string.

Example 2:

Input: "hello".to_string() (String)
Output: "olleh"
Explanation: The string "hello" is reversed, resulting in "olleh".

Example 3:

Input: 3.14 (f64)
Output: "f64"
Explanation: The type is f64, which doesn't implement Operation. The function returns the string "f64".

Constraints

• The solution must be written in Rust.
• The perform method must return a String.
• The execute_operation function must be generic and accept any type that implements the Operation trait.
• The type name retrieval should use std::any::type_name::<T>().
• The solution should compile and run without errors.

Notes

• Think about how to use generics and traits to achieve type specialization.
• The std::any::type_name::<T>() function is useful for getting the name of a type at runtime. Be aware that the exact format of the returned string might vary slightly depending on the Rust version and compiler.
• Consider using the dyn keyword if you want to work with trait objects, but for this problem, a generic type parameter is sufficient.