Angular Component Scoped Styles Challenge

Scoped styles in Angular are crucial for maintaining modularity and preventing CSS conflicts between components. This challenge will test your understanding of how to implement and utilize scoped styles to ensure that a component's styles only affect that component and its children, avoiding unintended side effects on other parts of the application.

Problem Description

You are tasked with creating an Angular component that utilizes scoped styles. The component should display a simple list of items. The styles for this component should be scoped, meaning they only apply to the component itself and its descendants, and do not leak out to affect other components in the application. Specifically, you need to style the list items with a unique background color and a specific font size, ensuring these styles are isolated to this component.

What needs to be achieved:

• Create a new Angular component.
• Implement scoped styles within the component's CSS file.
• The component should display a list of at least three items.
• Each list item should have a distinct background color (e.g., lightblue, lightgreen, lightcoral).
• Each list item should have a font size of 16px.
• Ensure that these styles do not affect any other elements outside of this component.

Key Requirements:

• Use Angular's built-in scoping mechanism for CSS (typically achieved by placing the CSS file in the component's directory).
• The component must be functional and display the list correctly.
• The styles must be truly scoped – verifying this is a key part of the evaluation.

Expected Behavior:

When the component is rendered, the list items should display with the specified background colors and font size. If you inspect other components in your application, their styles should remain unaffected by the styles defined in this component.

Edge Cases to Consider:

• What happens if you try to apply the same background color to multiple list items? (It should still work as expected).
• How does Angular handle styles defined in parent components that might conflict with the scoped styles? (Parent styles should not override the scoped styles within the component).

Examples

Example 1:

Input: A component named `MyListComponent` with three list items: "Apple", "Banana", and "Cherry".
Output: The list items are displayed with background colors lightblue, lightgreen, and lightcoral respectively, and a font size of 16px.  Other components in the application are unaffected.
Explanation: The component's CSS file contains styles scoped to the component, ensuring the styles only apply to the list items within `MyListComponent`.

Example 2:

Input: Another component, `AnotherComponent`, exists in the application with a paragraph element.
Output: The paragraph element in `AnotherComponent` retains its original styling, unaffected by the styles defined in `MyListComponent`.
Explanation: The scoping mechanism prevents the styles from `MyListComponent` from leaking out and affecting other components.

Constraints

• The solution must be written in TypeScript.
• The solution must use Angular's standard scoping mechanism for CSS.
• The component should be self-contained and not rely on external CSS files (other than Angular's default styles).
• The solution should be functional and display the list correctly.
• The component should be easily testable and maintainable.

Notes

• Angular's component structure inherently provides style scoping when CSS files are placed within the component's directory.
• Consider using Angular CLI to generate the component initially.
• Focus on ensuring the styles are truly scoped and do not affect other parts of the application. This is the primary goal.
• You can use any Angular version (e.g., 14, 15, 16, 17). Specify the version used in your solution.